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FDA searched the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database from March 2013 (approval of the first drug in the class) through June 6, 2014, and identified 20 cases of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), ketoacidosis, or ketosis reported with the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was noted as the indication in most of the cases, type 1 diabetes mellitus was noted in a few cases, and some cases did not specify the indication.<\/p>\r\n
In all cases, a diagnosis of DKA or ketoacidosis was made by a health care professional, and hospitalization of the patients was required to treat the episode. A temporal association with SGLT2 inhibitor initiation was noted in all cases. The median time to onset of symptoms following initiation of drug therapy was 2 weeks (range 1 to 175 days). DKA case presentations were atypical in that glucose levels were only mildly elevated at less than 200 mg\/dL in some reports, while patients with type 1 diabetes who have DKA typically have glucose levels greater than 250 mg\/dL. In addition, DKA is not typically observed in patients with type 2 diabetes.<\/p>\r\n
In most cases, a high anion gap metabolic acidosis accompanied by elevated blood or urine ketones was reported. Potential DKA-triggering factors that were identified in some cases included acute illness or recent significant changes such as infection, urosepsis, trauma, reduced caloric or fluid intake, and reduced insulin dose. Potential factors, other than hypoinsulinemia, contributing to the development of a high anion gap metabolic acidosis identified in the cases included hypovolemia, acute renal impairment, hypoxemia, reduced oral intake, and a history of alcohol use. Half of cases did not identify a triggering factor for DKA.<\/p>\r\n
We are continuing to investigate this safety issue. Additional reports of DKA continue to be submitted to us, and we will determine whether changes are needed in the labeling for this class of drugs.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
en Espa\u00f1ol<\/span><\/a><\/p>\r\nDrug Safety Communication<\/span><\/a> (PDF – 50KB)<\/p>\r\nRelated Information<\/p>\r\n